On Thu, 16 Sep 2010, Matthew Miller wrote:
Or get one from: http://cert.startcom.org/
I had seen this cross as well from another poster:
Sorry, but you need to buy a certificate.
Bzzzrttt
I am firmly with Matthew on this one. When I saw the initial post hit my email inbound queue (not sure what time -- something after 11:45), I started the process of deploying a test box, and setting up a new certificate with them (I have previously gone through their Class I and II authentication processes and have an account with them). I post this around 13:15 [the spell checker is very unhappy with that key ... ]
This rough outline will get some parkup, and turn into a blog post later this week, and I'll mark it so: http://planet.centos.org picks it up. The timestamps of this email and of the certificate on that page show how quickly this may be done (and with startcom, with no additional per-certificate issuance fees other than as related to the authentication process)
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1. Deploy, secure and name a box victim-centos.pmman.net
2. Set the A record in DNS 198.178.231.140
3. Set the PTR
4. Install the mod_ssl package (which pulls in httpd and its dependencies) also useful is: crypto-utils as it will 'watch' for upcoming expirations
5. Position a placeholder page to look for in a test ... I installed php as well, and here use a php scriptlet that does a redirect into https on the fly when a connection comes in on http
[root@vm178231140 html]# cat index.php <?php $SITE="victim-centos.pmman.net"; $SERVER_PORT = $_SERVER[SERVER_PORT]; if ("$SERVER_PORT" != "443") header("Location: https://$SITE"); print "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\" >"; print "<html><head><title>CentOS and SSL are easy</title></head>"; print "<body><h4>CentOS and SSL are easy</h4>"; print "<p>This example lives at: <a href=\""; print "https://" . $SITE ; print "\">https://" . $SITE . "</a> on a box provided by: "; print "<a href=\"http://www.pmman.com\" target=\"_blank\">"; print "pmman.com</a></p></body></html>"; ?>
6. Open up port 80/tcp and 443/tcp in iptables
7. Read: /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
[root@victim-centos conf.d]# grep -v ^# ssl.conf | grep -v ^$ LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so Listen 443 AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin SSLSessionCache shmcb:/var/cache/mod_ssl/scache(512000) SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300 SSLMutex default SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 256 SSLRandomSeed connect builtin SSLCryptoDevice builtin <VirtualHost _default_:443> ErrorLog logs/ssl_error_log TransferLog logs/ssl_access_log LogLevel warn SSLEngine on SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT:!SSLv2:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.key <Files ~ ".(cgi|shtml|phtml|php3?)$"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </Files> <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </Directory> SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 CustomLog logs/ssl_request_log \ "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x "%r" %b" </VirtualHost> [root@victim-centos conf.d]# grep -v ^# ssl.conf | grep -v ^$ | wc 32 77 1089
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... the lines starting: ^SSL and containing the fragment File are what need to be configured (and in the case with one from startcom, a chained key file)
8. Set up a place to make the keys. signing request, and pemfile, along with key chains
mkdir attic cd attic
# we intentionally make one without a passphrase here # to simplify the discussion openssl genrsa -out victim-centos.pmman.net-2010.key 2048
openssl req -new -key victim-centos.pmman.net-2010.key -out victim-centos.pmman.net-2010.csr
9. Get the CSR onto the clipboard so it may be pasted into the web GUI at startcom
[root@victim-centos attic]# cat victim-centos.pmman.net-2010.csr -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- MIIC7TCCAdUCAQAwgacxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQswCQYDVQQIEwJPSDERMA8GA1UE BxMIQ29sdW1idXMxHDAaBgNVBAoTEzc4MSBSZXNvbHV0aW9uLCBMTEMxDjAMBgNV ... snippage ... eKGhP2r4C8kVBrK13lgmlOt1OYLn+rvV8y/hkrlPbDSRoW4cNmoX3F4hFWUKxWZc hvtc52ImrMe4vikYYIZGPk6Lhw3xSnVwZzoU0QxgR1XN -----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- [root@victim-centos attic]#
... startcom will indicate the CSR has been countersigned, and a CRT may be retrieved
10. While you are waiting, retrieve the certificate chaining back to the CA roots in any modern browser
wget -O sub.class1.server.ca.pem \ http://www.startssl.com/certs/sub.class1.server.ca.pem wget -O sub.class2.server.ca.pem \ http://www.startssl.com/certs/sub.class2.server.ca.pem wget -O ca.pem http://www.startssl.com/certs/ca.pem
... and copy them into place
cp sub.class2.server.ca.pem /etc/pki/tls/certs/ cp ca.pem /etc/pki/tls/certs/
11. Edit /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf and adjust the values for:
SSLCertificateFile \ /etc/pki/tls/certs/victim-centos.pmman.net.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile \ /etc/pki/tls/private/victim-centos.pmman.net-2010.key SSLCertificateChainFile \ /etc/pki/tls/certs/sub.class2.server.ca.pem SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca.pem
# we also need to add: SSLCertificateChainFile \ /etc/pki/tls/certs/sub.class2.server.ca.pem
... and look at the config file edits:
[root@victim-centos conf.d]# grep ^SSL ssl.conf | grep File SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/victim-centos.pmman.net.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/victim-centos.pmman.net-2010.key SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/sub.class2.server.ca.pem SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca.pem [root@victim-centos conf.d]#
12. Retrieve that countersigned CRT from Startcom, and place into a file: victim-centos.pmman.net.crt
13. Position and set perms on the key, and the certificate:
cp victim-centos.pmman.net-2010.key /etc/pki/tls/private/ cp victim-centos.pmman.net.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/ chmod 600 /etc/pki/tls/certs/*.crt
14. Restart the webserver, and tail the logs in /var/log/httpd
15. View the web page (here: https://victim-centos.pmman.net/ ), and make sure no errors appear; check the certificate chain in your local browser. This chain is present in Windows 7 Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Safari
16. All done
-- end ================================== .-- -... ---.. ... -.- -.-- Copyright (C) 2010 R P Herrold herrold@owlriver.com My words are not deathless prose, but they are mine.