Booting works through bios. After that, the OS drivers have to take over. It sounds like the kernel you booted didn't recognize the dvd drive. That used to be common but I haven't seen it in years. Is there anything unusual about the drive or controller.
I replaced the drive and now it works fine.
Before it was a Pioneer DVD-RW made in 2009
Replaced it with an old SONY DVD-R from 2005
Ho, hum.
Thank You. -Jason