Garrick Staples wrote:
On Tue, Feb 26, 2008 at 05:13:12PM -0600, Les Mikesell alleged:
Garrick Staples wrote:
On Tue, Feb 26, 2008 at 04:33:30PM -0600, Les Mikesell alleged:
Does anyone have a quick reference to the order of operations as the shell parses a command line (variable parsing,i/o redirection, wildcard and variable expansion, splitting on IFS, quote removal, command substitution etc.)? That's really the first thing you need to know about the shell and if there is a simple description it must be buried in the middle of some obscure manual.
This is from the "EXPANSION" section of the bash manpage:
The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname expansion.That's one step in the bigger picture. I want the one that includes variable assignment, i/o redirection, quote removal, and a few other operations. I think I knew that a few decades ago, but now I don't even know where to look it up.
That's pretty much the entire process for your basic expression.
Yes, but I'm looking for what happens before and after. Why does unset foo foo=bar >$foo do something you might expect, but unset foo foo=bar echo $foo >$foo doesn't?
Or why doesn't unset foo foo=bar echo $foo work like you'd expect while unset foo foo=bar some_other_command will put foo in the environment for the other command?
Quotes are obeyed the entire time, but are actually _removed_ after the expansion. And finally, file descriptors are opened the command is executed.
And how does this relate to ||, && and things on the right hand side of |'s in terms of evaluation order and side effects?
I don't think you can write a simple list because the actual process is too complex. It would really be a tree or flowchart.
I'm sure I saw a simple list of the order of operations for the bourne shell years ago with about 6 steps and which are repeated if you add an eval to the line. Bash handles some more complex expressions, but it must still do the steps in the same order to be compatible. You really need to know this to do anything even slightly complicated and I'm having trouble finding it again.