Then I did a whereis/which after running updatedb, and was expecting to find pgsql in /usr/local/ or elsewhere, but nothing.
Distribution related packages don't go in /usr/local. That's generally for people building software from source. Distribution related packages live mostly in /usr. As Johnny pointed out, rpm -ql <packagename> will show you what files are in that rpm. Keep in mind that some names may not be exactly has you expect them.
-- Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. -Arthur C. Clarke