On Fri, 2005-07-29 at 10:34, Robert Hanson wrote: > maybe i asked the original question improperly and im almost sure this one > isnt posed perfectly either. > > what do really large companies use that do not allow or have 100% migrated > away from "M$ windows servers" in their networks yet allow "windows clients" > in their networks "and" must service all their windows clients needs just as > *if* their were M$ servers on their networks? > > does this make better sense? I'm not sure it makes sense as a general question, because out-of-the-box 'Windows servers' provide almost no services except for active directory which is a fairly recent addition. Everything else is a mix of add-on products that may or may not be strictly Microsoft. > i believe this is what everyone is getting at in all these threads and yet > there appears to be no 100% functional open source solution right now, is > there? You have to ask the question per-application and phrase it as to whether the replacement is wire-level-protocol compatible or not. For example you can replace windows file servers with Linux/samba and depending on how you used authentication and ACL's may not see any difference at all from the clients. Samba can also replace a Windows NT PDC transparently, but can't yet do everything an active directory server does. You can replace DHCP services and DNS easily, and if you are using SMTP/POP/IMAP clients for email, you can replace those services. Beyond that, you get into specific clients and services where there aren't any generic answers. Mostly you need to plan a 'forklift' upgrade where you toss all your old client software the day you replace the server - not something a large organization ever wants to do. -- Les Mikesell lesmikesell at gmail.com