Thanks for the previous tips and suggestions. Here's a more concise example: Input file: <aaaa> <bbbb> <cccc> <dddd> I want everything on one line, i.e., remove all newlines. Like so: <aaaa><bbbb><cccc><dddd> Simple perl code: #!/usr/bin/env perl # Remove newlines from a file in two ways: # (1) Just "chomp" them; # (2) Replace them with a space. # Open input file for reading only. my $infilename = "/tmp/newline-test-in"; open(my $in, "<", "$infilename") or die "Can't open file \"$infilename\": $!"; # Open output file for writing only. my $outfilename = "/tmp/newline-test-out"; open (my $out, ">", "$outfilename") or die "Can\'t open $outfilename for writing. $!"; # Comment out either, both, or neither of the below "binmode" == no joy #binmode $in; binmode $out; while (<$in>) { # Neither of the two commands below works as expected. chomp; # remove trailing newline. # s/\n/ /; # replace newline with space print $out $in; } # Close input file. close $in or die "Error closing $in: $!"; # Close output file. close $out or die "Error closing output file $out: $!"; ### end of perl script Run this, commenting in/out whatever, and output file is consistently this: GLOB(0x8ad3c28)GLOB(0x8ad3c28)GLOB(0x8ad3c28)GLOB(0x8ad3c28)