On 07/29/11 11:22 AM, m.roth at 5-cent.us wrote: > And I've had the external speakers jacked in both in the front > "headphones" jack, and the traditional one in the back, and sound comes > both out of the external speakers and a speaker inside the machine. sound cards have a myriad of different ways they can be connected to outputs.... its possible your motherboard's audio mixer has a output to the internal speaker. usually these can be controlled via a 'mixer' program, but the sound drivers have to know exactly what hardware is connected where on the outside of the core audio chip for all this to work sanely. -- john r pierce N 37, W 122 santa cruz ca mid-left coast