I know this is a Linux 101 question, however I am unable to locate the answer in my O'Reilly Linux book: how to set the default for permissions when creating a new user. The default for the GUI in my newly installed Centos 5.5 is 700. I usually use 774. And when root creates a new directory, is there a way to have a default there too? Lastly, if root or someone with root privileges creates a sub-directory, is there a setting so that the sub-directory will have the owner/group and permissions as the parent directory? Todd -- Ariste Software Petaluma, CA 94952 http://www.aristesoftware.com