I asked on stack overflow but I'm trying to boost the signal. I don't normally program in python but I can usually figure out how to do it when I need to, but I'm just stumped, there clearly is something I'm not understanding. It's a CentOS 7.6 box and python install I'm trying this on. Thanks for any suggestions, I can't figure out why it isn't working. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54841911/python-gnupg-verify-file -- *Notice*: Gmail is owned by Google, a company that made its fortune in content indexing and user tracking. It is logical therefore to assume that Google and quite possibly the government has access to any correspondence made with this account. Do not use correspondence with this account for sensitive information.